Gum recession

In gingival recession, the gum tissue around the tooth gradually moves away from the tooth surface, exposing the root surface. Healthy gums protect the root surface of the tooth and the supporting tissues. When the gums recede, the exposed root surface becomes more susceptible to wear, sensitivity, and root caries.

Gum recession is often noticed only when teeth start to become sensitive or the gumline looks different than before. However, it can also be detected during a dental check-up even before clear symptoms appear.

Gum recession can be associated with the following changes, for example:

• the tooth root starts to show
• the tooth looks longer than before
• the gumline changes or looks uneven
• teeth are more sensitive to cold, hot, or sweet than before
• gums may be sore or bleed when brushing.

Aging alone does not cause gum recession, but with age, the underlying risk factors become more common. For example, periodontitis is more prevalent in older age, and it is one of the most common causes of gum recession. In addition, many medications can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of gingivitis. If gingivitis persists for a long time, it can also contribute to gum recession. However, gum recession is not an inevitable part of aging, and good oral self-care and regular dental check-ups help prevent its progression.

The treatment of gum recession aims to halt the progression of the recession and address its underlying cause. Treatment is planned individually based on an assessment performed by a dentist or dental hygienist.

Treatment of inflammation. If the recession is caused by gingivitis or periodontitis, treatment begins with the removal of bacterial plaque and tartar. If necessary, root surfaces are also cleaned to control the inflammation.

Guidance on self-care. The dentist or dental hygienist will assess oral self-care and, if necessary, provide instructions on correct brushing technique and interdental cleaning.

Treatment of sensitivity. Exposed root surfaces can cause tooth sensitivity. Symptoms can be alleviated with, for example, fluoride treatments, coatings, or fluoride toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth.

Gum surgery if necessary. If the recession is advanced or the exposed root surface causes significant discomfort, gum surgery may be considered. The procedure can cover the exposed root surface and provide better protection.

Good self-care helps keep gums healthy and reduces the risk of gum recession.

• Brush gently. Use a soft toothbrush and avoid brushing too hard. Effective cleaning does not require hard brushing.
• Clean between teeth daily. Interdental brushes or floss help remove plaque from areas that a toothbrush cannot reach.
• Ensure regular check-ups. A dentist or dental hygienist can detect early changes and provide individual instructions for oral care.
• Support gum health with lifestyle choices. Avoiding tobacco and nicotine products supports gum well-being. A varied diet and good oral self-care also help keep gums healthy.

It is advisable to have receding gums examined, even if the symptoms are mild. Early treatment can help prevent the progression of recession and protect the tooth's supporting tissues.